Entanglement is also used in quantum cryptography, where the particle is transferred using entanglement, and if the system is disturbed the receiver gets notified immediately.
Like traditional public key cryptography, unbreakable quantum keys in the form of photons are used in a system called quantum key distribution (QKD). In QKD, information about the key is sent via photons that have been randomly polarized. It restricts the photon such that it vibrates in only one plane, like up, down, right or left. The recipient uses polarized filters to decipher the key and then chooses an algorithm to encrypt the message. The message goes over normal communication channels, but no one can decipher them unless they have the exact quantum key. Anyone attempt at trying to read the data will change the quantum state and alert a security breach.
      In  August 2016, China successfully launched it’s quantum satellite- Micius. The satellite created pairs of entangled photons whose properties are dependent on each other beaming one half of each pair down to base stations in China and Austria.

•    Quantum computers are programmed using a hundred tightly focussed laser beam into a vacuum chamber. Each laser beam is used to grab one atom or not by using atom traps. Positioning these atoms is a way to program it, or by carefully pushing the atoms from lowest energy state to highest energy state, by carefully chosen laser beams that shoot in one specific transition. By choosing the state and position to which the atoms are excited,a quantum computer is programmed.
•      Quantum programming languages, like Microsoft’s Q# can be used to program quantum computers. Quantum Assembly language (QASM) is implemented in experiments with low depth quantum circuits.
•     The IBM Quantum Experience (QX) enables anyone to easily connect to IBM’s quantum processors via the IBM Cloud, to run algorithms and experiments, on its 5 qubit quantum processors. Here’s the link to the cloud based quantum computing experience:
• https://quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/qx/qasm

   The race to building quantum computers is on as these devices have the ability to change and destroy the world as we know it. Current encryption standards are termed safe only because it takes classical computers millions of years to decrypt the message, but with quantum computers, it can be done within days, or even hours, hence exposing the world of encryption to chaos. The hardest hit will be the RSA algorithm used by 99 percent of all applications, and hence the de facto encryption standard for any scenario requiring the secure transfer and storage of communication data or software updates.

•     Fortunately, quantum computers mature enough to crack encryption standards aren’t developed yet, and there’s still a long way to go even after IBM’s recent launch of quantum computers of 50 qubits. But it’s just a matter of time...

                                                                                                                                                 Quantum Applications     
The uses of quantum effects are many and they are already helping in changing the world. 

• Quantum cognition is an emerging field which uses the mathematical principles behind quantum mechanics could be used to better understand human behavior. Optoelectronics is the study of electronic devices that detect and control light, using quantum mechanical effects of light, like phototransistors, laser devices and optical fibre communication.
• Blackbird uses quantum computers to test and simulate it’s jet designs, that are otherwise quite difficult for classical computers. Overall, quantum effects are revolutionizing the world with it being exploited to reshape the future of science as we know it.
• As the famous physicist Neils Bohr puts it, “If quantum mechanics hasn’t shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet.”